Thursday, September 27, 2007

Immaterial Labor = I'm material Labor?

I wanted to post this before coming to class but I ended up running out of time. Apologises first.
I'm not sure if my understanding of immaterial labor is correct (I'm still working on it) but I just wanted to throw this out and get your reactions. Please correct, revise, or add to my humble opinion (gently please).

In postfordism, there is a de-differentiation between producers and consumers and thus, the knowledge of the consumers becomes an integral part in the production of commodities. This has created the emergence of mass intellectuals/knowledge workers and their role in today’s economic force has become ever more significant. What intrigues me the most is the notion of immaterial labor in the form of knowledge labor and its role in the production of commodities. I feel like (and especially after reading Virno) that in order to engage in this type of immaterial labor, a person’s material needs, desires, and wants need to be fulfilled first. People without economic, social, and political power (people without sufficient financial power to feed, clothe, and house themselves) don’t seem to have time nor energy to really engage in knowledge/intellectual labor (although they would be more likely to be engaged in immaterial labor through affective labor such as prostitution, domestic labor, fast food service, etc.) although there seems to be a myth that anybody and everybody can be an intellectual laborer. For instance, people who post reviews, opinions, and comments on commodities and services on the website such as Amazon.com or their personal blogs seem to fit what Everett Rogers would call “innovators.” They are the first to get the products, test them and comment on them so others (early adopters, late adopters, laggards) can read them and follow their advices. Innovators are the trendsetters and they take pride in that social role. These are the people who bought ipods before it became a cultural phenomenon, or rather people who made it possible for ipods to become a cultural phenomenon. And being a trendsetter comes with a high price tag. When the innovators purchase a new product, the price of the product is still high and there’s also a risk of the product having all kinds of errors and bugs (Xbox 360 anybody?). However, these innovators take that risk and they can do so because first, their materialistic desires are fulfilled (how many people who are starving would do this?) and second, their desire to set the trend is enormously high. This is what I mean by immaterial labor (knowledge labor/intellectual labor) as a representation of materialistic power.

So why do innovators engage in this kind of immaterial labor? Some people might do it for a shallow reason such as showing off their knowledge of the product (or even to show off their possession of the product). Others might do it because they believe they are contributing to society by helping others to purchase better products. However, the bigger reason seems to lie in the human desire of “ownership” in the form of customization (and here, Chad’s comment in class on the reflection of self in commodities really helped). Many more companies are using the intellectual laborer’s comments and feedbacks when they are revamping their product line (Nikon was an example I gave in class for using (expert) consumers’ comments as test beds). Every intellectual laborer has different opinions about the product and desires different things from the product and companies will take them into consideration when they are revamping their product lines (Sorry if this idea sounds Jenksian). Once the intellectual laborer's comments are incorporated the new product is distributed to the general population in the form of a customized product for the privileged intellectual laborers. When the intellectual laborers see that their opinions have been incorporated into a product, they can feel a “false sense of ownership” (I’ve done something for this product, I have helped create this product, etc.), a natural desire that only people with fulfilled materialistic desires can have. For people who try to get by day by day, this desire is a luxury, a dream, a pure imagination.

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